Voter Demographics Statistics and What the 2024 Electorate Looked Like

Voter demographics statistics at a glance

Voter demographics statistics show a 2024 electorate that was broad, older, and deeply stratified by education, race, and voting method.

The biggest story is not just who voted, but how turnout clustered across repeating electorates, education levels, and demographic groups (U.S. Census Bureau 2024 Presidential Election Voting and Registration Tables; Pew Research Center, Voter turnout in the 2020 and 2024 elections).

Key takeaways

73.6% of the citizen voting-age population was registered to vote in 2024, and 65.3% voted (U.S. Census Bureau 2024 Presidential Election Voting and Registration Tables).
66.9% of women voted versus 63.7% of men in 2024 (U.S. Census Bureau 2024 Presidential Election Voting and Registration Tables).
82.5% of voters with an advanced degree cast a ballot, compared with 52.5% of high school graduates (U.S. Census Bureau 2024 Presidential Election Voting and Registration Tables).
39.6% voted in person on Election Day, 30.7% voted in person before Election Day, and 29.0% voted by mail in 2024 (U.S. Census Bureau 2024 Presidential Election Voting and Registration Tables).
64% of 2024 voters also turned out in all three recent national elections, while 12% were 2024-only voters (Pew Research Center, Voter turnout in the 2020 and 2024 elections).

Voter demographics statistics at a glance
Turnout and registration patterns
Education differences in voter participation
Age, race, and continuity across elections
What the 2024 electorate looked like
Immigrant and eligible-voter snapshots
Black and Hispanic eligible voter statistics
Fast facts by source

Turnout and registration patterns

Big number: 65.3% turnout. That was the share of the citizen voting-age population that voted in the 2024 presidential election, with 73.6% registered to vote (U.S. Census Bureau 2024 Presidential Election Voting and Registration Tables).

That gap between registration and turnout matters because it shows how many eligible people stayed on the sidelines even after taking the first step toward participation.

Why the turnout mix matters

The 2024 electorate was not dominated by a single voting channel. Instead, it split across three common modes:

39.6% voted in person on Election Day.
30.7% voted in person before Election Day.
29.0% voted by mail.

That distribution suggests a fairly balanced election-day ecosystem, with nearly three in ten voters relying on mail ballots and almost a third voting in person before the final day (U.S. Census Bureau 2024 Presidential Election Voting and Registration Tables).

A compact comparison of core turnout measures

Measure	2024 statistic	Source
Registered citizen voting-age population	73.6%	U.S. Census Bureau 2024 Presidential Election Voting and Registration Tables
Citizen voting-age population who voted	65.3%	U.S. Census Bureau 2024 Presidential Election Voting and Registration Tables
Voted in person on Election Day	39.6%	U.S. Census Bureau 2024 Presidential Election Voting and Registration Tables
Voted in person before Election Day	30.7%	U.S. Census Bureau 2024 Presidential Election Voting and Registration Tables
Voted by mail	29.0%	U.S. Census Bureau 2024 Presidential Election Voting and Registration Tables

Fast facts about participation

Young adults were 30% of nonvoters, up from 25% in 2020 (Pew Research Center, Voter turnout in the 2020 and 2024 elections).
Citizens under age 30 were 15% of all voters in 2024, but 20% of the age-eligible population (Pew Research Center, Voter turnout in the 2020 and 2024 elections).
Among nonvoters in 2024, 44% said they would have voted for Trump and 40% said they would have voted for Harris if they had voted (Pew Research Center, Voter turnout in the 2020 and 2024 elections).

Education differences in voter participation

Education is one of the clearest dividing lines in the voter demographics statistics dataset.

Among 2024 voters, 82.5% of people with an advanced degree voted, and 77.2% of bachelor?s degree holders voted (U.S. Census Bureau 2024 Presidential Election Voting and Registration Tables). By contrast, only 52.5% of high school graduates voted.

That is a large participation gap, and it shows up again in the Pew Research Center breakdowns of repeated turnout across recent elections.

Education and repeat turnout

41% of voters in 2024 were college graduates, while 28% of nonvoters had a high school education or less (Pew Research Center, Voter turnout in the 2020 and 2024 elections).
48% of nonvoters had a high school education or less, compared with 28% of voters (Pew Research Center, Voter turnout in the 2020 and 2024 elections).
54% of college graduates voted in all three recent elections, versus 35% of adults without a college degree (Pew Research Center, Voter turnout in the 2020 and 2024 elections).
22% of nonvoters were college graduates, while 41% of voters were college graduates (Pew Research Center, Voter turnout in the 2020 and 2024 elections).

This combination points to a participation ladder. The more education a voter has, the more likely they are to show up not once, but consistently across election cycles.

Why it matters

Education is doing two jobs in the data:

It separates current-turnout rates.
It separates repeat participation over time.

That makes education one of the most useful lenses for understanding voter demographics statistics beyond a single election snapshot.

Age, race, and continuity across elections

The 2024 turnout data does not just separate voters from nonvoters. It also separates habitual voters from occasional voters and gives a clearer view of who keeps showing up.

Across the three most recent national elections, 41% of adult citizens old enough to vote cast a ballot in all three, while 26% did not vote in any of them (Pew Research Center, Voter turnout in the 2020 and 2024 elections).

That is a stark split. A large block of the electorate is highly consistent, while another large block is effectively disengaged across multiple cycles.

Repeat voting by group

Among non-Hispanic White adult citizens, 48% voted in all three recent elections.
Among Black adult citizens, 27% voted in all three recent elections.
Among Hispanic adult citizens, 25% voted in all three recent elections.
Among Hispanic adult citizens, 41% did not vote at all in the three recent elections.
Among White adult citizens, 20% did not vote at all in the three recent elections.
Among those age 65 and older, 63% voted in all three recent elections.
Among young adults old enough to have voted in all three recent elections, only 16% actually did so, while 41% did not vote in any of them.

What that says about age

Age is one of the strongest predictors of continuity.

Older citizens are much more likely to stay locked into the voting habit, while younger adults are more likely to appear intermittently or not at all. The data shows that directly: 63% of those age 65 and older voted in all three recent elections, while only 16% of young adults old enough to do so managed the same (Pew Research Center, Voter turnout in the 2020 and 2024 elections).

What that says about race and education together

The turnout profile becomes more layered when race and education are considered together. In 2024:

71% of voters were White non-Hispanic, down from 73% in 2020 (Pew Research Center, Voter turnout in the 2020 and 2024 elections).
59% of voters did not have a college degree (Pew Research Center, Detailed demographic profiles of Trump and Harris voters in 2024).
56% of voters were ages 50 and older, while 44% were under 50 (Pew Research Center, Detailed demographic profiles of Trump and Harris voters in 2024).

Those figures show that the electorate remained older and still heavily White, but with meaningful movement in the composition of the broader coalition.

What the 2024 electorate looked like

The 2024 voter pool had a clear demographic shape, and it was not evenly distributed across candidates.

Candidate coalitions in the data

Demographic share	Trump voters	Harris voters	Source
White non-Hispanic	78%	64%	Pew Research Center, Detailed demographic profiles of Trump and Harris voters in 2024
Black adults	3%	16%	Pew Research Center, Detailed demographic profiles of Trump and Harris voters in 2024
Hispanic adults	10%	11%	Pew Research Center, Detailed demographic profiles of Trump and Harris voters in 2024
Asian adults	3%	5%	Pew Research Center, Detailed demographic profiles of Trump and Harris voters in 2024

That table makes one pattern obvious: Trump?s coalition was much more concentrated among White non-Hispanic voters, while Harris drew a more diverse coalition across Black, Hispanic, and Asian voters (Pew Research Center, Detailed demographic profiles of Trump and Harris voters in 2024).

Education, age, and geography in the coalitions

48% of Harris voters had a college degree, while 51% did not (Pew Research Center, Detailed demographic profiles of Trump and Harris voters in 2024).
67% of Trump voters did not have a college degree (Pew Research Center, Detailed demographic profiles of Trump and Harris voters in 2024).
52% of Harris voters were ages 50 and older, while 60% of Trump voters were ages 50 and older (Pew Research Center, Detailed demographic profiles of Trump and Harris voters in 2024).
Harris voters were 56% suburban, 28% urban, and 16% rural (Pew Research Center, Detailed demographic profiles of Trump and Harris voters in 2024).
Trump voters were 49% suburban, 13% urban, and 36% rural (Pew Research Center, Detailed demographic profiles of Trump and Harris voters in 2024).

Religious composition of the electorate

Religion also plays a visible role in the voter demographics statistics:

43% of voters were Protestants.
About 25% were religiously unaffiliated.
20% were Catholics (Pew Research Center, Detailed demographic profiles of Trump and Harris voters in 2024).

Within the coalition split:

54% of Trump voters were Protestants.
22% of Trump voters were Catholics.
39% of Harris voters were religiously unaffiliated.
32% of Harris voters were Protestants (Pew Research Center, Detailed demographic profiles of Trump and Harris voters in 2024).

A deeper coalition trend is visible among Protestants as well. White evangelical and nonevangelical Protestants made up 43% of Trump?s coalition in 2024, down from 51% in 2020 and 52% in 2016 (Pew Research Center, Detailed demographic profiles of Trump and Harris voters in 2024).

Immigrant and eligible-voter snapshots

The electorate is broader than election-day turnout alone. Eligible voter statistics show the underlying population that can potentially participate.

Among naturalized citizen eligible voters, 58% were age 50 and older, while 8% were under 30 (Pew Research Center, 1 in 10 US eligible voters are naturalized citizens).

Education and income among eligible voters

39% of immigrant eligible voters had a bachelor?s degree or more education.
36% of U.S.-born eligible voters had a bachelor?s degree or more education.
22% of immigrant eligible voters had some college or an associate?s degree as their highest education.
30% of U.S.-born eligible voters had some college or an associate?s degree as their highest education.
The median family income of naturalized citizen eligible voters was $92,870.
The median family income of U.S.-born eligible voters was $84,000.
37% of immigrant eligible voters speak English less than very well, versus 2% of U.S.-born eligible voters (Pew Research Center, 1 in 10 US eligible voters are naturalized citizens).

What stands out here

The immigrant eligible-voter population is not a narrow slice of the electorate. It is older in part, relatively educated, and has a higher reported median family income than the U.S.-born eligible population in this dataset (Pew Research Center, 1 in 10 US eligible voters are naturalized citizens).

That makes it important to separate eligible voters from actual voters when discussing voter demographics statistics. Eligibility, registration, and turnout do not move in lockstep.

Black and Hispanic eligible voter statistics

The dataset also gives a useful look at two major eligible-voter populations that matter for national turnout analysis.

Black eligible voters

Pew Research Center?s Black eligible voter snapshot reports that Black eligible voters were projected to account for 14.0% of eligible voters in November 2024, or 34.4 million people (Pew Research Center, Key facts about Black eligible voters in 2024).

Other key figures:

Black eligible voters grew 7.1% between 2020 and 2024.
They represented 13.2% of eligible voters in 2012 and 13.5% in 2020.
Black eligible voters in Texas numbered 2.9 million in 2022.
Black eligible voters in Georgia and Florida each numbered 2.6 million in 2022.
Black eligible voters in New York numbered 2.4 million in 2022.
Black eligible voters in California numbered 2.0 million in 2022.
Black eligible voters in North Carolina numbered 1.8 million in 2022.
Black eligible voters in Maryland and Illinois each numbered 1.4 million in 2022.
Black voters made up 45% of all eligible voters in the District of Columbia in 2022.
More than half of Black eligible voters, 57%, lived in Southern states.
In the Black eligible voter population, 23% had a bachelor?s degree and 43% had a high school diploma or less.
Black eligible voters were 53% women and 60% were under age 50 (Pew Research Center, Key facts about Black eligible voters in 2024).

Hispanic eligible voters

Hispanic eligible voters were projected to account for 14.7% of all eligible voters in November 2024, or 36.2 million people (Pew Research Center, Key facts about Hispanic eligible voters in 2024).

Additional figures from the same source:

Hispanic eligible voters increased 153% since 2000.
California held 25% of Hispanic eligible voters in 2022.
Texas held 6.5 million Hispanic eligible voters in 2022.
Florida held 3.5 million Hispanic eligible voters in 2022.
New York held 2.2 million Hispanic eligible voters in 2022.
Arizona held 1.3 million Hispanic eligible voters in 2022.
The five largest states held 65% of Hispanic eligible voters.
New Mexico had 45% Latino eligible voters, the highest share of any state (Pew Research Center, Key facts about Hispanic eligible voters in 2024).

A useful read on the eligible-voter data

These eligible-voter snapshots matter because they show where the future electorate is concentrated, not just who voted in one election. That includes geography, age, and educational attainment, which all shape turnout potential long before ballots are cast.

Fast facts by source

U.S. Census Bureau 2024 Presidential Election Voting and Registration Tables

73.6% of the citizen voting-age population was registered to vote.
65.3% voted.
66.9% of women voted, compared with 63.7% of men.
82.5% of people with an advanced degree voted.
77.2% of bachelor?s degree holders voted.
52.5% of high school graduates voted.
39.6% voted in person on Election Day.
30.7% voted in person before Election Day.
29.0% voted by mail.

Pew Research Center, Voter turnout in the 2020 and 2024 elections

Young adults were 30% of nonvoters in 2024.
Citizens under age 30 were 15% of all voters.
41% of adult citizens voted in all three recent national elections.
26% did not vote in any of them.
63% of those age 65 and older voted in all three recent elections.
54% of college graduates voted in all three recent elections.
35% of adults without a college degree voted in all three recent elections.
12% of 2024 voters were 2024-only voters.
64% of 2024 voters turned out in all three recent elections.

Pew Research Center, Detailed demographic profiles of Trump and Harris voters in 2024

71% of voters were White.
78% of Trump voters were White non-Hispanic.
64% of Harris voters were White non-Hispanic.
56% of voters were ages 50 and older.
43% of voters were Protestants.
25% were religiously unaffiliated.
20% were Catholics.

Pew Research Center, 1 in 10 US eligible voters are naturalized citizens

58% of immigrant eligible voters were ages 50 and older.
39% of immigrant eligible voters had a bachelor?s degree or more education.
The median family income of naturalized citizen eligible voters was $92,870.
The median family income of U.S.-born eligible voters was $84,000.
37% of immigrant eligible voters speak English less than very well.

Pew Research Center, Key facts about Black eligible voters in 2024

Black eligible voters were projected to account for 14.0% of eligible voters.
Black eligible voters numbered 34.4 million in November 2024.
Black eligible voters grew 7.1% between 2020 and 2024.
57% of Black eligible voters lived in Southern states.

Pew Research Center, Key facts about Hispanic eligible voters in 2024

Hispanic eligible voters were projected to account for 14.7% of eligible voters.
Hispanic eligible voters numbered 36.2 million in November 2024.
Hispanic eligible voters increased 153% since 2000.
The five largest states held 65% of Hispanic eligible voters.